Genome-wide association study of long COVID

Por: Lammi V, Nakanishi T, Jones SE, Andrews SJ, Karjalainen J, Cortés B, O'Brien HE, Ochoa-Guzman A, Fulton-Howard BE, Broberg M, Haapaniemi HH, Kanai M, Pirinen M, Schmidt A, Mitchell RE, Mousas A, Mangino M, Huerta-Chagoya A, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Cirulli ET, Vaudel M, Kwong ASF, Maiti AK, Marttila MM, Posner DC, Rodriguez AA, Batini C, Minnai F, Dearman AR, Warmerdam CAR, Sequeros CB, Winkler TW, Jordan DM, Rešcenko R, Miano L, Lane JM, Chung RK, Guillen-Guio B, Leavy OC, Carvajal-Silva L, Aguilar-Valdés K, Frangione E, Guare L, Vergasova E, Marouli E, Striano P, Zainulabid UA, Kumar A, Ahmad HF, Edahiro R, Azekawa S, Luoh SW, Erikstrup C, Pedersen OBV, Lerner-Ellis J, Colombo A, Grzymski JJ, Ishii M, Okada Y, Beckmann ND, Kumari M, Wagner R, Heid IM, John C, Short PJ, Magnus P, Ansone L, Valenti LVC, Lee SA, Wain LV, Verdugo RA, Banasik K, Geller F, Franke LH, Rakitko A, Duncan EL, Renieri A, Tsilidis KK, de Cid R, Niavarani A, Abner E, Tusié-Luna T, Verma SS, Smith GD, Timpson NJ, Madduri RK, Cho K, Daly MJ, Ganna A, Schulte EC, Richards JB, Ludwig KU, Marks-Hultström M, Zeberg H and Ollila HM

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Publicada: 1 jun 2025 Ahead of Print: 1 may 2025

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Filiaciones:
Lammi V:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Nakanishi T:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

 Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

 Kyoto-McGill International Collaborative Program in Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

 Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

 Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan

Jones SE:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Andrews SJ:
 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

Karjalainen J:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

 Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA

 Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Cortés B:
 Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

 Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra), Barcelona, Spain

O'Brien HE:
 Sano Genetics Limited, London, UK

Ochoa-Guzman A:
 Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico

Fulton-Howard BE:
 Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA

Broberg M:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Haapaniemi HH:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Kanai M:
 Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA

 Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Pirinen M:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Schmidt A:
 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Mitchell RE:
 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

 Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Mousas A:
 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

Mangino M:
 Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK

Huerta-Chagoya A:
 Program in Metabolism and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA

 Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

 Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico

Sinnott-Armstrong N:
 Herbold Computational Biology Program, Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA

 Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

 Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Cirulli ET:
 Helix, San Mateo, CA, USA

Vaudel M:
 Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

 Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

 Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Kwong ASF:
 Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Maiti AK:
 Department of Genetics and Genomics, Mydnavar, Southfield, MI, USA

Marttila MM:
 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Posner DC:
 VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA

Rodriguez AA:
 Data Science and Learning, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA

Batini C:
 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

 University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK

Minnai F:
 Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council, Segrate, Italy

 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

Dearman AR:
 Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

Warmerdam CAR:
 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

 Oncode Investigator, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Sequeros CB:
 Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Winkler TW:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Jordan DM:
 Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA

 Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA

Rešcenko R:
 Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia

Miano L:
 Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

Lane JM:
 Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Boston, MA, USA

 Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Genomic Medicine, Boston, MA, USA

 Broad Institute, Molecular and Population Genetics Program, Cambridge, MA, USA

Chung RK:
 Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA

Guillen-Guio B:
 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

 The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Leavy OC:
 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

 The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Carvajal-Silva L:
 Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Aguilar-Valdés K:
 Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Frangione E:
 Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Guare L:
 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Vergasova E:
 Genotek Ltd, Moscow, Russia

Marouli E:
 William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Striano P:
 IRCCS G Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

Zainulabid UA:
 Department of Internal Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia

Kumar A:
 Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Patna, Patna, India

Ahmad HF:
 Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, Pahang, Malaysia

Edahiro R:
 Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

Azekawa S:
 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Luoh SW:
 VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Portland, OR, USA

 Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA

Erikstrup C:
 Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark

Pedersen OBV:
 Department of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital-Køge, Køge, Denmark

Lerner-Ellis J:
 Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

 Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Colombo A:
 Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

 Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

 Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

Grzymski JJ:
 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA

Ishii M:
 Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Okada Y:
 Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

 Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

 Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan

 Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan

Beckmann ND:
 Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA

 Division of Data Driven Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA

Kumari M:
 Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

Wagner R:
 Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

 Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

Heid IM:
 Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

John C:
 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

 Leicester National Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK

Short PJ:
 Sano Genetics Limited, London, UK

Magnus P:
 Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Ansone L:
 Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia

Valenti LVC:
 Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

 Biological Resource Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

Lee SA:
 Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA

Wain LV:
 Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

 The Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Verdugo RA:
 Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile

 Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile

Banasik K:
 Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

Geller F:
 Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

Franke LH:
 Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

 Oncode Investigator, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Rakitko A:
 Genotek Ltd, Moscow, Russia

Duncan EL:
 Department of Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

 Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK

Renieri A:
 Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

 Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy

 Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy

Tsilidis KK:
 Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece

 Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK

:
 Genomes for Life-GCAT Lab, CORE Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain

 Grup de REcerca en Impacte de les Malalties Cròniques i les seves Trajectòries (GRIMTra), Barcelona, Spain

Niavarani A:
 Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abner E:
 Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Tusié-Luna T:
 Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico

 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico

Verma SS:
 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Smith GD:
 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

 Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Timpson NJ:
 MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

 Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Madduri RK:
 Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA

Cho K:
 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA

Daly MJ:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA

 Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Ganna A:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA

 Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Schulte EC:
 Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

 Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

 Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany

 Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

 Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Richards JB:
 Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

 Centre for Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

 Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, UK

 5 Prime Sciences Inc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Ludwig KU:
 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany

Marks-Hultström M:
 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

 Lady Davis Institute of Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

 Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Zeberg H:
 Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Ollila HM:
 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

 Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

 Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA