Genomewide Association Study of Severe Covid-19 with Respiratory Failure
Por:
Ellinghaus, D, Degenhardt, F, Bujanda, L, Buti, M, Albillos, A, Invernizzi, P, Fernandez, J, Prati, D, Baselli, G, Asselta, R, Grimsrud, MM, Milani, C, Aziz, F, Kassens, J, May, S, Wendorff, M, Wienbrandt, L, Uellendahl-Werth, F, Zheng, TH, Yi, XL, de Pablo, R, Chercoles, AG, Palom, A, Garcia-Fernandez, AE, Rodriguez-Frias, F, Zanella, A, Bandera, A, Protti, A, Aghemo, A, Lleo, A, Biondi, A, Caballero-Garralda, A, Gori, A, Tanck, A, Nolla, AC, Latiano, A, Fracanzani, AL, Peschuck, A, Julia, A, Pesenti, A, Voza, A, Jimenez, D, Mateos, B, Jimenez, BN, Quereda, C, Paccapelo, C, Gassner, C, Angelini, C, Cea, C, Solier, A, Pestana, D, Muniz-Diaz, E, Sandoval, E, Paraboschi, EM, Navas, E, Sanchez, FG, Ceriotti, F, Martinelli-Boneschi, F, Peyvandi, F, Blasi, F, Tellez, L, Blanco-Grau, A, Hemmrich-Stanisak, G, Grasselli, G, Costantino, G, Cardamone, G, Foti, G, Aneli, S, Kurihara, H, ElAbd, H, My, I, Galvan-Femenia, I, Martin, J, Erdmann, J, Ferrusquia-Acosta, J, Garcia-Etxebarria, K, Izquierdo-Sanchez, L, Bettini, LR, Sumoy, L, Terranova, L, Moreira, L, Santoro, L, Scudeller, L, Mesonero, F, Roade, L, Ruhlemann, MC, Schaefer, M, Carrabba, M, Riveiro-Barciela, M, Basso, MEF, Valsecchi, MG, Hernandez-Tejero, M, Acosta-Herrera, M, D'Angio, M, Baldini, M, Cazzaniga, M, Schulzky, M, Cecconi, M, Wittig, M, Ciccarelli, M, Rodriguez-Gandia, M, Bocciolone, M, Miozzo, M, Montano, N, Braun, N, Sacchi, N, Martinez, N, Ozer, O, Palmieri, O, Faverio, P, Preatoni, P, Bonfanti, P, Omodei, P, Tentorio, P, Castro, P, Rodrigues, PM, Blandino, A, de Cid, R, Ferrer, R, Gualtierotti, R, Nieto, R, Goerg, S, Badalamenti, S, Marsal, S, Matullo, G, Pelusi, S, Juzenas, S, Aliberti, S, Monzani, V, Moreno, V, Wesse, T, Lenz, TL, Pumarola, T, Rimoldi, V, Bosari, S, Albrecht, W, Peter, W, Romero-Gomez, M, D'Amato, M, Duga, S, Banales, JM, Hov, JR, Folseraas, T, Valenti, L, Franke, A and Karlsen, TH
Publicada:
15 oct 2020
Resumen:
BackgroundThere is considerable variation in disease behavior among patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Genomewide association analysis may allow for the identification of potential genetic factors involved in the development of Covid-19.
MethodsWe conducted a genomewide association study involving 1980 patients with Covid-19 and severe disease (defined as respiratory failure) at seven hospitals in the Italian and Spanish epicenters of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Europe. After quality control and the exclusion of population outliers, 835 patients and 1255 control participants from Italy and 775 patients and 950 control participants from Spain were included in the final analysis. In total, we analyzed 8,582,968 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and conducted a meta-analysis of the two case-control panels.
ResultsWe detected cross-replicating associations with rs11385942 at locus 3p21.31 and with rs657152 at locus 9q34.2, which were significant at the genomewide level (P<5x10(-8)) in the meta-analysis of the two case-control panels (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48 to 2.11; P=1.15x10(-10); and odds ratio, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.47; P=4.95x10(-8), respectively). At locus 3p21.31, the association signal spanned the genes SLC6A20, LZTFL1, CCR9, FYCO1, CXCR6 and XCR1. The association signal at locus 9q34.2 coincided with the ABO blood group locus; in this cohort, a blood-group-specific analysis showed a higher risk in blood group A than in other blood groups (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.75; P=1.48x10(-4)) and a protective effect in blood group O as compared with other blood groups (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.79; P=1.06x10(-5)).
ConclusionsWe identified a 3p21.31 gene cluster as a genetic susceptibility locus in patients with Covid-19 with respiratory failure and confirmed a potential involvement of the ABO blood-group system. (Funded by Stein Erik Hagen and others.)
During the peak of hospitalizations of patients with severe Covid-19 in Italy and Spain in March, a group of researchers in these and other countries obtained and analyzed samples, resulting in the identification of two chromosomal loci associated with the disorder.
Filiaciones:
Ellinghaus, D:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Univ Copenhagen, Fac Hlth & Med Sci, Novo Nordisk Fdn Ctr Prot Res, Dis Syst Biol, Copenhagen, Denmark
Degenhardt, F:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Bujanda, L:
Univ Basque Country, Dept Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Donostia Univ Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Buti, M:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Liver Unit, Hosp Clin,Dept Internal Med, Vall dHebron Barcelona Hosp Campus, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Albillos, A:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Gastroenterol, Madrid, Spain
Invernizzi, P:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med & Surg, Ctr Autoimmune Liver Dis, Milan, Italy
San Gerardo Hosp, European Reference Network Hepatol Dis, Monza, Italy
Fernandez, J:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
European Fdn Study Chron Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
Prati, D:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Baselli, G:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Asselta, R:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Grimsrud, MM:
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Dept Transplantat Med, Rikshospitalet,Norwegian PSC Res Ctr, Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Internal Med Res Inst, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Univ Oslo, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
Milani, C:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Div Gastroenterol, Dept Med & Surg, Ctr Autoimmune Liver Dis, Milan, Italy
San Gerardo Hosp, European Reference Network Hepatol Dis, Monza, Italy
Aziz, F:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Kassens, J:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
May, S:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Wendorff, M:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Wienbrandt, L:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Uellendahl-Werth, F:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Zheng, TH:
Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia
Yi, XL:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
de Pablo, R:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain
Chercoles, AG:
Donostialdea Integrated Hlth Org, Osakidetza Basque Hlth Serv, Clin Biochem Dept, San Sebastian, Spain
Palom, A:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Liver Unit, Hosp Clin,Dept Internal Med, Vall dHebron Barcelona Hosp Campus, Barcelona, Spain
Vall dHebron Inst Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
Garcia-Fernandez, AE:
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Biochem,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Rodriguez-Frias, F:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Vall dHebron Inst Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Biochem,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Zanella, A:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Bandera, A:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Protti, A:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Aghemo, A:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Lleo, A:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Biondi, A:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Fdn MBBM Osped, Pediat Dept, San Gerardo, Italy
Univ Milano Bicocca, Fdn MBBM Osped, European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet,MetabERN,Ctr Tettamanti, San Gerardo, Italy
Caballero-Garralda, A:
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Biochem,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Gori, A:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Tanck, A:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Nolla, AC:
Germans Trias & Pujol Res Inst, GenomesForLife GCAT Lab Grp, Badalona, Spain
Latiano, A:
Fdn IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, Gastroenterol Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
Fracanzani, AL:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Peschuck, A:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Julia, A:
Vall dHebron Inst Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
Pesenti, A:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Voza, A:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Jimenez, D:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Resp Dis, Madrid, Spain
Mateos, B:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Gastroenterol, Madrid, Spain
Jimenez, BN:
Donostialdea Integrated Hlth Org, Osakidetza Basque Hlth Serv, Clin Biochem Dept, San Sebastian, Spain
Quereda, C:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid, Spain
Paccapelo, C:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Gassner, C:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Private Univ Principal Liechtenstein, Vilnius, Lithuania
Angelini, C:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Cea, C:
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Biochem,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Solier, A:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Resp Dis, Madrid, Spain
Pestana, D:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Anesthesiol, Madrid, Spain
Muniz-Diaz, E:
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Sandoval, E:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Paraboschi, EM:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Navas, E:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Infect Dis, Madrid, Spain
Sanchez, FG:
Ctr Transfus Madrid, Histocompatibilidad & Biol Mol, Madrid, Spain
Ceriotti, F:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Martinelli-Boneschi, F:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Peyvandi, F:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Blasi, F:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Tellez, L:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Gastroenterol, Madrid, Spain
Blanco-Grau, A:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Intens Care, Madrid, Spain
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Biochem,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Hemmrich-Stanisak, G:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Grasselli, G:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Costantino, G:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Cardamone, G:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
Foti, G:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Emergency Anesthesia & Intens Care, Milan, Italy
Aneli, S:
Univ Torino, Dept Med Sci, Turin, Italy
Kurihara, H:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
My, I:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
:
Germans Trias & Pujol Res Inst, GenomesForLife GCAT Lab Grp, Badalona, Spain
Martin, J:
Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada, Spain
Erdmann, J:
Univ Lubeck, Inst Cardiogenet, Lubeck, Germany
German Res Ctr Cardiovasc Res, Partner Site Hamburg Lubeck Kiel, Lubeck, Germany
Univ Heart Ctr Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
Ferrusquia-Acosta, J:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Garcia-Etxebarria, K:
Univ Basque Country, Dept Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Donostia Univ Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Izquierdo-Sanchez, L:
Univ Basque Country, Dept Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Donostia Univ Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Bettini, LR:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Fdn MBBM Osped, Pediat Dept, San Gerardo, Italy
Univ Milano Bicocca, Fdn MBBM Osped, European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet,MetabERN,Ctr Tettamanti, San Gerardo, Italy
:
Germans Trias & Pujol Res Inst, High Content Genom & Bioinformat Unit, Badalona, Spain
Terranova, L:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Moreira, L:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Santoro, L:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Scudeller, L:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Mesonero, F:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Gastroenterol, Madrid, Spain
Roade, L:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Liver Unit, Hosp Clin,Dept Internal Med, Vall dHebron Barcelona Hosp Campus, Barcelona, Spain
Ruhlemann, MC:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Schaefer, M:
Stefan Morsch Stiftung, Birkenfeld, Germany
Carrabba, M:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Riveiro-Barciela, M:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Hosp Univ Vall dHebron, Liver Unit, Hosp Clin,Dept Internal Med, Vall dHebron Barcelona Hosp Campus, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
Basso, MEF:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Valsecchi, MG:
Ctr Bioinformat Biostat & Bioimaging, Milan, Italy
Hernandez-Tejero, M:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Acosta-Herrera, M:
Inst Parasitol & Biomed Lopez Neyra, Granada, Spain
D'Angio, M:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Fdn MBBM Osped, Pediat Dept, San Gerardo, Italy
Univ Milano Bicocca, Fdn MBBM Osped, European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet,MetabERN,Ctr Tettamanti, San Gerardo, Italy
Baldini, M:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Cazzaniga, M:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Phase 1 Res Ctr, Sch Med & Surg, Milan, Italy
Schulzky, M:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Cecconi, M:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Wittig, M:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Ciccarelli, M:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Rodriguez-Gandia, M:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Gastroenterol, Madrid, Spain
Bocciolone, M:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Miozzo, M:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Montano, N:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Braun, N:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Sacchi, N:
EO Osped Galliera, Italian Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Genoa, Italy
Martinez, N:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Anesthesiol, Madrid, Spain
Ozer, O:
Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Biol, Res Grp Evolutionary Immunogen, Plon, Germany
Palmieri, O:
Fdn IRCCS Casa Sollievo Sofferenza, Gastroenterol Unit, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
Faverio, P:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Pneumol, Milan, Italy
Preatoni, P:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Bonfanti, P:
Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Infect Dis, Milan, Italy
San Gerardo Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Monza, Italy
Omodei, P:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Tentorio, P:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Castro, P:
August Pi & Sunyer Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Rodrigues, PM:
Univ Basque Country, Dept Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Donostia Univ Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
:
Germans Trias & Pujol Res Inst, GenomesForLife GCAT Lab Grp, Badalona, Spain
Ferrer, R:
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Intens Care,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Gualtierotti, R:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Nieto, R:
Univ Alcala, Hosp Univ Ramon y Cajal, Inst Ramon y Cajal Invest Sanitaria, Dept Resp Dis, Madrid, Spain
Goerg, S:
Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Inst Transfus Med, Lubeck, Germany
Badalamenti, S:
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Marsal, S:
Vall dHebron Inst Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
Matullo, G:
Univ Torino, Dept Med Sci, Turin, Italy
Pelusi, S:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Juzenas, S:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Vilnius Univ, Inst Biotechnol, Vilnius, Lithuania
Aliberti, S:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Monzani, V:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Moreno, V:
Consortium Biomed Res Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Catalan Inst Oncol, Bellvitge Biomed Res Inst, Barcelona, Spain
Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Wesse, T:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Lenz, TL:
Max Planck Inst Evolutionary Biol, Res Grp Evolutionary Immunogen, Plon, Germany
Pumarola, T:
Autonomous Univ Barcelona, Univ Hosp Vall dHebron, Immunohematol Dept, Dept Microbiol,Banc Sang & Teixits, Barcelona, Spain
Autonoma Univ Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Rimoldi, V:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
Bosari, S:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Albrecht, W:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Peter, W:
Stefan Morsch Stiftung, Birkenfeld, Germany
Romero-Gomez, M:
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Univ Seville, Virgen Rocio Univ Hosp, Inst Biomed Seville, Digest Dis Unit, Seville, Spain
D'Amato, M:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Dept Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, San Sebastian, Spain
Basque Fdn Sci, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia
Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Solna, Unit Clin Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden
Duga, S:
Humanitas Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Milan, Italy
IRCCS, Humanitas Clin & Res Ctr, Milan, Italy
Banales, JM:
Univ Basque Country, Dept Liver & Gastrointestinal Dis, Biodonostia Hlth Res Inst, Donostia Univ Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Invest Biomed Red Enfermedades Hepat & Digest, Madrid, Spain
Basque Fdn Sci, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
Hov, JR:
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Dept Transplantat Med, Rikshospitalet,Norwegian PSC Res Ctr, Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Internal Med Res Inst, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Univ Oslo, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Canc Med Surg & Transplantat, Sect Gastroenterol, Dept Transplantat Med,Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Folseraas, T:
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Dept Transplantat Med, Rikshospitalet,Norwegian PSC Res Ctr, Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Internal Med Res Inst, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Univ Oslo, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Canc Med Surg & Transplantat, Sect Gastroenterol, Dept Transplantat Med,Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Valenti, L:
Fdn IRCCS Ca Granda Osped Maggiore Policlin, Milan, Italy
Univ Milan, Milan, Italy
Franke, A:
Univ Kiel, Inst Clin Mol Biol, Rosalind Franklin Str 12, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
Univ Hosp Schleswig Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
Karlsen, TH:
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Dept Transplantat Med, Rikshospitalet,Norwegian PSC Res Ctr, Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Internal Med Res Inst, Div Surg Inflammatory Dis & Transplantat, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
Univ Oslo, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
Oslo Univ Hosp, Div Canc Med Surg & Transplantat, Sect Gastroenterol, Dept Transplantat Med,Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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